Kazakhstan’s means-tested social assistance bypasses thousands of poor families
Despite the active digitalisation of the social sphere and the transition to a 'social contract' mechanism, state policy in this area continues to face systemic contradictions. The state is focusing on targeted assistance and the automation of payment distribution, yet these tools do not address the underlying problems: an understated minimum subsistence level, limited access to labour resources, and persistent poverty that official statistics fail to capture.
Фонд-бюро расследования коррупции